Nerve Cell - Neuron

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Stained Nerve Cell

The H&E stain is commonly used in histology to differentiate cellular components.

Hematoxylin stains the acidic parts of the cell (like the nucleus and Nissl bodies) a deep blue or purple.

Eosin stains the basic parts (like cytoplasm and fibers) pink.

Parts of the Neuron:

Cell Body (Soma):

The main part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm. It appears pink with eosin due to abundant proteins and organelles.

Nucleus:

Centrally or eccentrically placed, stained dark purple by hematoxylin. It contains genetic material and controls all cellular activities.

Nucleolus:

Seen as a darker spot within the nucleus; it is rich in RNA and is responsible for ribosome synthesis.

Nissl Bodies:

Dark blue granular structures in the cytoplasm stained by hematoxylin. These are rough endoplasmic reticulum masses involved in protein synthesis.

Axon Hillock:

A pale, unstained conical region near the nucleus where the axon arises. It lacks Nissl substance and is the site where nerve impulses begin.

Axon:

A single, long projection extending from the cell body, stained light pink. It transmits electrical impulses away from the neuron.

Dendrites:

Short, branched processes extending from the cell body, also pink with faint basophilic areas. They receive signals from other neurons.

Neuroglial Cells:

Small supporting cells surrounding the neuron, with small, darkly stained nuclei.

Neuropil:

The pinkish fibrous background around neurons composed of axons, dendrites, and glial cell processes.